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008    150408p20152008cau053        o   vleng d 
028 52 1062785|bKanopy 
035    (OCoLC)914220799 
040    CaSfKAN|beng|erda|cCaSfKAN 
043    e-fr--- 
099    Streaming Video Kanopy 
245 00 Brick By Brick :|ba Civil Rights Story.|h[Kanopy 
       electronic resource] 
264  1 [San Francisco, California, USA] :|bKanopy Streaming,
       |c2015. 
300    1 online resource (1 video file, approximately 54 min.) :
       |bdigital, .flv file, sound 
336    two-dimensional moving image|btdi|2rdacontent 
337    computer|bc|2rdamedia 
338    online resource|bcr|2rdacarrier 
344    digital 
347    video file|bMPEG-4|bFlash 
500    Title from title frames. 
518    Originally produced by California Newsreel in 2008. 
520    Brick by Brick: A Civil Rights Story shows that 
       segregation has been as virulent and persistent in the 
       North as in the South and that it too has resulted from 
       deliberate public policies based in deep-rooted racial 
       prejudice. The film uses the bitter struggle over equal 
       housing rights in Yonkers, New York during the1980s to 
       show the "massive resistance" the Civil Rights Movement 
       confronted when it moved north. Brick by Brick is not only
       a brilliant legal history of one of the most important 
       cases in civil rights law, it narrates through the 
       passionate experiences of Yonkers residents on both sides 
       of the issue. The film demonstrates how courageous 
       citizens and dedicated lawyers can enforce the 
       constitutional rights of African Americans in the face of 
       dangerous demagogues fomenting racial hatred. Yonkers in 
       the 1980s was typical of most American cities in its 
       pattern of housing segregation. Just across the city line 
       from the Bronx, it had transformed itself from a mill town
       into a bedroom community. Most neighborhoods were occupied
       exclusively by middle class whites. Seven thousand poor 
       blacks and Latinos were herded into huge public housing 
       projects contained within a square mile ghetto. One middle
       class African American area was cut-off from surrounding 
       white neighborhoods by a four foot wide no man's land 
       which all bordered with dead end streets. Real estate 
       agents continued to exacerbate the problem by only showing
       all-black neighborhoods to potential black clients. 
       Because school and housing segregation are so inextricably
       linked, the housing struggle in Yonkers began as a 
       struggle for school integration. Spurred by the local 
       NAACP, the Carter Administration's Justice Department 
       charged the City of Yonkers with a consistent pattern of 
       school and housing segregation for over 40 years. The 
       NAACP's Winston Ross and Keith Herman joined the suit as 
       co-plaintiffs with the help of a crusading NAACP attorney 
       Michael Sussman. The trial began in 1983 with 84 witnesses
       and 140 depositions, resulting in 1985 in the longest 
       opinion in civil rights history. It held that there was 
       overwhelming evidence that Yonkers was guilty of school 
       and housing segregation and, in a landmark ruling, held 
       the city responsible, a decision with implications nearly 
       as far-reaching as Brown vs. Board of Education. While the
       school board adopted a successful desegregation plan based
       on magnet schools, the City Council defiantly appealed the
       decision eventually to the Supreme Court, where it was 
       denied a re-hearing. In 1988, when the Council refused to 
       comply, the court found the city in contempt and ordered 
       it to pay fines up to {dollar}1,000,000 a day and held the
       individual council members liable for fines and 
       imprisonment as well. Politicians, who, like Orville 
       Faubus and George Wallace, had built their careers fueling
       racial hostility, framed the issue as one of "judicial 
       dictatorship" - not racial equity. Stereotyping poor 
       blacks as violent criminals, drug users and welfare 
       mothers, they pledged not to let Yonkers "turn into 
       another Bronx." Inflamed white mobs stormed City Council 
       meetings, threatening black residents and other 
       integration supporters. Eventually, faced with bankruptcy,
       drastic curtailment of city services and massive lay-offs,
       the Council caved-in ending many politicians' careers. 
       After much foot dragging, in 1992 two hundred units of low
       income townhouses were built in small clusters spread 
       throughout the city; 600 more were built subsequently. 
       Property values did not decline and some former opponents 
       even worked to build cohesive interracial neighborhoods. 
       The former mayor went so far as to apologize to a member 
       of the NAACP for "the monster" he had helped create and 
       pledged to help transcend the racial polarization of the 
       city. Yonkers represents only a small, painfully slow 
       first step. American cities are more segregated today than
       they were 100 years ago. As NAACP lawyer Sussman says, 
       until we face this fact, racism will remain "the defining 
       American issue.". 
538    Mode of access: World Wide Web. 
650  0 Discrimination|xDiscrimination in housing|xSegregation in 
       education|zUnited States|zNew York. 
650  0 Civil rights|xRace relations|zUnited States|zNew York. 
655  7 Documentary films.|2lcgft 
700 1  Kavanagh, Bill |efilm director. 
700 1  Fröchtenigt, Sylke|efilm director. 
710 2  Kanopy (Firm) 
856 40 |uhttps://naperville.kanopy.com/node/62786|zAvailable on 
       Kanopy 
856 42 |zCover Image|uhttps://www.kanopy.com/node/62786/external-
       image