Lecture 1. The see of Peter -- Lecture 2. The Papacy during the decline of the Roman Empire -- Lecture 3. The changing of the world -- Lecture 4. Birth of the Medieval Papacy -- Lecture 5. The Reform Papacy of the Middle Ages -- Lecture 6. The Papacy and the Byzantine East -- Lecture 7. The Papal Monarchy -- Lecture 8. Decline of Papal authority in Europe -- Lecture 9. The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism -- Lecture 10. Renaissance and Reformation -- Lecture 11. The Papacy in the age of revolution -- Lecture 12. The confrontation with nationalism and modernity -- Lecture 13. The era of World Wars -- Lecture 14. A new engagement with the modern world: 1958 to present.