LEADER 00000nim a22005175a 4500 003 MWT 005 20191125113046.0 006 m o h 007 sz zunnnnnuned 007 cr nnannnuuuua 008 130915s2006 xxunnn es i n eng d 020 9781982434380 (sound recording : hoopla Audio Book) 020 1982434384 (sound recording : hoopla Audio Book) 029 https://d2snwnmzyr8jue.cloudfront.net/ bsa_9781433238444_180.jpeg 028 42 MWT10027562 037 10027562|bMidwest Tape, LLC|nhttp://www.midwesttapes.com 040 Midwest|erda 082 04 520|222 099 eAudiobook hoopla 099 eAudiobook hoopla 100 1 Arnold, Jack,|d1944- 245 10 Astronomy :|bthe heavenly challenge|h[Hoopla electronic resource]. 250 Unabridged. 264 1 [United States] :|bBlackstone Publishing,|c2006. 264 2 |bMade available through hoopla 300 1 online resource (1 audio file (2hr., 52 min.)) : |bdigital. 336 spoken word|bspw|2rdacontent 337 computer|bc|2rdamedia 338 online resource|bcr|2rdacarrier 344 digital|hdigital recording|2rda 347 data file|2rda 506 Digital content provided by hoopla. 511 1 Read by Edwin Newman. 520 Astronomy is perhaps the oldest science. The ancients saw cosmic meanings in the stars, and they organized their lives around lunar and solar cycles (i.e. the month and year). They also observed the solstices, the equinoxes, and of course the four seasons. Over many centuries the "precession of the equinoxes" corrupted Julius Caesar's ancient calendar (the Julian calendar); in 1586 it was replaced with the Gregorian calendar, which features the system of leap years we know today. Aristotle's earth- centered ("geocentric") system of crystalline spheres dominated astronomy for 2000 years. Aristarchus in 270 B.C. was ahead of his time in suggesting that the sun is at the center of the universe, and that the earth spins like a top. Eratosthenes (ca. 200 B.C.) calculated the size of the earth; Hipparchus (2nd century B.C.) calculated the distance to the moon and established a system of latitudes and longitudes. Ptolemy (1st century A.D.) published the great compilation of astronomical knowledge (the Almagest), and he offered the epicycle theory to explain new observations not explained by the geocentric theory of the universe. In 1543, the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus overturned the geocentric theory by publishing a book on his heliocentric (sun- centered) theory. Johannes Kepler soon joined the great astronomer Tycho Brahe, systematizing Tycho's observations with calculations proving that orbits are elliptical. Kepler also established his three great laws of celestial motion. Galileo improved the telescope and discovered many new astronomical features; his work publicly discredited the geocentric doctrine, leading to the famous recantation forced upon him by the church. Galileo's celestial and terrestrial discoveries laid the foundation for the great advances and discoveries of Isaac Newton. 538 Mode of access: World Wide Web. 650 0 Astronomy|xHistory. 650 0 Astronomy, Medieval. 650 0 Astronomy, Renaissance. 650 0 Science|xHistory. 700 1 Newman, Edwin.|4nrt 700 1 Sommer, Jack. 700 1 Hassell, Mike. 710 2 hoopla digital. 830 0 Audio classics series. 856 40 |uhttps://www.hoopladigital.com/title/ 10027562?utm_source=MARC|zInstantly available on hoopla. 856 42 |zCover image|uhttps://d2snwnmzyr8jue.cloudfront.net/ bsa_9781433238444_180.jpeg